---
title: This Skazka is one of the many versions of a widespread tale, which… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: This Skazka is one of the many versions of a widespread tale, which tells how the youngest of a party, usually consisting of three persons, overcomes some supernatural foe, generally a dwarf, who had been more than a match for his companions. Who acts: Skazka, widespread tale. A sentence of «Russian
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 11, sentence 72

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This Skazka is one of the many versions of a widespread tale, which tells how the youngest of a party, usually consisting of three persons, overcomes some supernatural foe, generally a dwarf, who had been more than a match for his companions.

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**Who acts:** Skazka, widespread tale · **What happens:** be, tell, consist, overcome · **To what, where:** one, youngest, supernatural foe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Skazka, widespread tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:29:72
# text = This Skazka is one of the many versions of a widespread tale, which tells how the youngest of a party, usually consisting of three persons, overcomes some supernatural foe, generally a dwarf, who had been more than a match for his companions.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Skazka	Skazka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	widespread	widespread	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	overcomes	overcome	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
30	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	32	det	_	_
31	supernatural	supernatural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
39	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	41	cop	_	_
41	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	conj	_	_
42	than	than	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	for	for	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this Skazka | one |  |  |  | of the many versions of a widespread tale | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a widespread tale | the youngest |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent young=Recipient |
| 3 | **consist** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of three persons; usually *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **overcome** | present | this Skazka *not said here* | some supernatural foe |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot foe=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | than a match for Ivan's companions; more *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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