---
title: And she gnawed, and gnawed, and gnawed, until at last she smashed tw… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: And she gnawed, and gnawed, and gnawed, until at last she smashed two front teeth. Who acts: Witch. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 13, sentence 166

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And she gnawed, and gnawed, and gnawed, until at last she smashed two front teeth.

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**Who acts:** Witch · **What happens:** gnaw, smash · **To what, where:** two front teeth

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Witch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:31:166
# text = And she gnawed, and gnawed, and gnawed, until at last she smashed two front teeth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	until	until	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	smashed	smash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
17	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnaw** | past | Witch |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gnaw** | participle | Witch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gnaw** | participle | Witch *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smash** | past | Witch | two front teeth |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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