---
title: [150] It has already been observed that the word _chudo_, which now… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: [150] It has already been observed that the word _chudo_, which now means a marvel or prodigy, formerly meant a giant. Who acts: word, marvel. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 16, sentence 53

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\[150\] It has already been observed that the word \_chudo\_, which now means a marvel or prodigy, formerly meant a giant.

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**Who acts:** word, marvel · **What happens:** observe, mean · **To what, where:** wolf, marvel, giant

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, marvel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:34:53
# text = [150] It has already been observed that the word _chudo_, which now means a marvel or prodigy, formerly meant a giant.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	150	150	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	already	already	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	chudo	chudo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	marvel	marvel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	prodigy	prodigy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	formerly	formerly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present · perfect · passive |  | wolf |  |  |  | 150 *obl*; the word *obl* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the word | a marvel or prodigy |  |  | now |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marvel=Topic |
| 3 | **mean** | past | a marvel or prodigy *not said here* | a giant |  |  |  | formerly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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