---
title: The only way by which he could get himself food was this: whenever h… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: The only way by which he could get himself food was this: whenever he perceived by the sense of smell that any animal was running past him, whether a hare, or a fox, or a bear, he immediately started in chase of it, caught it--and dinner was ready for him. Who acts: way, only way, smell, bear. A sen
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Magic and Witchcraft., part 2, sentence 147

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The only way by which he could get himself food was this: whenever he perceived by the sense of smell that any animal was running past him, whether a hare, or a fox, or a bear, he immediately started in chase of it, caught it--and dinner was ready for him.

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**Who acts:** way, only way, smell, bear, dinner · **What happens:** get, be, perceive, run, start, catch · **To what, where:** way, this, hare, chase, food, smell

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Magic and Witchcraft., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, only way, smell, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:43:147
# text = The only way by which he could get himself food was this: whenever he perceived by the sense of smell that any animal was running past him, whether a hare, or a fox, or a bear, he immediately started in chase of it, caught it--and dinner was ready for him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
23	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	acl:relcl	_	_
27	past	past	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
38	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
43	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
45	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	chase	chase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
50	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	parataxis	_	_
51	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
54	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
55	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	56	cop	_	_
56	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	conj	_	_
57	for	for	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | could | way | way |  |  |  | by the only way | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary food=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the only way *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **perceive** | past | the only way | a hare or a fox |  |  |  | by the sense of smell; whenever *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **run** | past · progressive | smell |  |  |  |  | past animal | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme past he=Trajectory |
| 5 | **start** | past | a bear |  |  | chase of chase |  | immediately *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 6 | **catch** | past |  | food |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 7 | **is** | past | dinner |  |  |  |  | for animal; ready *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **sense** |  |  | smell |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **chase** |  |  | chase |  |  |  |  | nom chase «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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