---
title: Appeals for aid to a dead parent are of frequent occurrence in the s… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Appeals for aid to a dead parent are of frequent occurrence in the songs still sung by the Russian peasantry at funerals or over graves; especially in those in which orphans express their grief, calling upon the grave to open, and the dead to appear and listen and help. Who acts: Appeals, orphans, t
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Magic and Witchcraft., part 4, sentence 88

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Appeals for aid to a dead parent are of frequent occurrence in the songs still sung by the Russian peasantry at funerals or over graves; especially in those in which orphans express their grief, calling upon the grave to open, and the dead to appear and listen and help.

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**Who acts:** Appeals, orphans, those · **What happens:** be, sing, express, call, open, appear · **To what, where:** songs, grief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Magic and Witchcraft., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Appeals, orphans, those), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:45:88
# text = Appeals for aid to a dead parent are of frequent occurrence in the songs still sung by the Russian peasantry at funerals or over graves; especially in those in which orphans express their grief, calling upon the grave to open, and the dead to appear and listen and help.
1	Appeals	appeal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	parataxis	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	peasantry	peasantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	funerals	funeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	graves	grave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
27	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	37	nsubj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	obl	_	_
32	orphans	orphan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	express	express	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	advcl	_	_
38	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	xcomp	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	conj	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Appeals for aid to a dead parent |  |  |  |  | of frequent occurrence | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  |  |  | the songs | still | by the Russian peasantry; at funerals or graves | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in song=Location |
| 3 | **express** | present | orphans | orphans's grief |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grief=Theme |
| 4 | **call** | gerund | those |  |  |  |  | upon the grave | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **open** | to-infinitive | those *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **appear** | to-infinitive | Appeals for aid to a dead parent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **listen** | infinitive | Appeals for aid to a dead parent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **help** | infinitive | Appeals for aid to a dead parent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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