--- title: In modern times it has generally been a wizard, or a witch, or a sui… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics description: In modern times it has generally been a wizard, or a witch, or a suicide,[421] or a person who has come to a violent end, or who has been cursed by the Church or by his parents, who takes such an unpleasant means of recalling himself to the memory of his surviving relatives and acquaintances. Who ac --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/119/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collecti…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/) / [Ghost Stories., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/) / 119 # Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 4, sentence 119 In modern times it has generally been a wizard, or a witch, or a suicide,\[421\] or a person who has come to a violent end, or who has been cursed by the Church or by his parents, who takes such an unpleasant means of recalling himself to the memory of his surviving relatives and acquaintances. **Who acts:** origin, person, Church, wizard · **What happens:** be, come, curse, take, mean, recall · **To what, where:** wizard, violent end, person, memory This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (origin, person, Church, wizard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg22373:54:119 # text = In modern times it has generally been a wizard, or a witch, or a suicide,[421] or a person who has come to a violent end, or who has been cursed by the Church or by his parents, who takes such an unpleasant means of recalling himself to the memory of his surviving relatives and acquaintances. 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 4 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 5 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 6 generally generally ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 7 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 cop _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 wizard wizard NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 witch witch NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 suicide suicide NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 19 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 20 421 421 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 20 punct _ _ 22 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 25 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 26 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 acl:relcl _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 violent violent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 34 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 cursed curse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 38 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 Church Church PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 or or CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 42 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 parents parent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 47 nsubj _ _ 47 takes take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 48 such such DET PDT PronType=Ind 50 det:predet _ _ 49 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 xcomp _ _ 51 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 52 of of SCONJ IN _ 53 mark _ _ 53 recalling recall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 51 advcl _ _ 54 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 53 obj _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 59 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 61 nmod:poss _ _ 60 surviving survive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 61 amod _ _ 61 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 57 nmod _ _ 62 and and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 63 acquaintances acquaintance NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 . . PUNCT . _ 51 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | origin | a wizard or a witch or a suicide or a person | | | time | generally *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **come** | present · perfect | a person | | | | to a violent end | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **curse** | present · perfect · passive | the Church or person's parents | a wizard or a witch or a suicide or a person | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 4 | **take** | present | a wizard or a witch or a suicide or a person | | | | | unpleasant *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **mean** | present | a wizard or a witch or a suicide or a person | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **recall** | gerund | a wizard or a witch or a suicide or a person *not said here* | person | | the memory of person's surviving relatives and acquaintances | | | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme to memory=Destination | | 7 | **survive** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 118](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/118/) - next →: [sentence 120](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/120/) - ↑ back to [Ghost Stories., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/54/)