---
title: Only vague apparitions, dream-like phantoms, are supposed, as a gene… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Only vague apparitions, dream-like phantoms, are supposed, as a general rule, to issue from graves in which nothing more substantial than ashes has been laid. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 4, sentence 74

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Only vague apparitions, dream-like phantoms, are supposed, as a general rule, to issue from graves in which nothing more substantial than ashes has been laid.

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**What happens:** suppose, lay · **To what, where:** vague apparitions, nothing

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:54:74
# text = Only vague apparitions, dream-like phantoms, are supposed, as a general rule, to issue from graves in which nothing more substantial than ashes has been laid.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	vague	vague	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	apparitions	apparition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	phantoms	phantom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	supposed	suppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	issue	issue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	graves	grave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	24	det	_	_
24	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
26	substantial	substantial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
27	than	than	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
29	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suppose** | present · passive |  | vague apparitions and like phantoms |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **lay** | present · perfect · passive |  | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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