---
title: [386] _Prigovarivat'_ = to say or sing while using certain (usually… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: [386] _Prigovarivat'_ = to say or sing while using certain (usually menacing) gestures. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 5, sentence 14

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\[386\] \_Prigovarivat'\_ = to say or sing while using certain (usually menacing) gestures.

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**What happens:** say, sing, use, menace · **To what, where:** gestures · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:55:14
# text = [386] _Prigovarivat'_ = to say or sing while using certain (usually menacing) gestures.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	386	386	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Prigovarivat	Prigovarivat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	_
8	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	menacing	menace	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
20	gestures	gesture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **menace** | gerund |  | gestures |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus gesture=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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