---
title: _Kromyeshny_, or _kromyeshnaya_, is sometimes used by itself to sign… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: _Kromyeshny_, or _kromyeshnaya_, is sometimes used by itself to signify hell. Who acts: kromyeshnaya. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 5, sentence 29

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\_Kromyeshny\_, or \_kromyeshnaya\_, is sometimes used by itself to signify hell.

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**Who acts:** kromyeshnaya · **What happens:** use, signify · **To what, where:** Kromyeshny, hell

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kromyeshnaya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:55:29
# text = _Kromyeshny_, or _kromyeshnaya_, is sometimes used by itself to signify hell.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Kromyeshny	Kromyeshny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	kromyeshnaya	kromyeshnaya	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	12	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	signify	signify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
17	hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive | kromyeshnaya | Kromyeshny |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **signify** | to-infinitive | kromyeshnaya *not said here* | hell |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hell=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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