---
title: Many of them have been extracted from the various apocryphal books w… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Many of them have been extracted from the various apocryphal books which in olden times had so wide a circulation, and many also from the lives of the Saints; some of them may be traced to such adaptations of Indian legends as the "Varlaam and Josaphat" attributed to St. John of Damascus; and others
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1, sentence 5

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Many of them have been extracted from the various apocryphal books which in olden times had so wide a circulation, and many also from the lives of the Saints; some of them may be traced to such adaptations of Indian legends as the "Varlaam and Josaphat" attributed to St. John of Damascus; and others appear to be ancient heathen traditions, which, with altered names and slightly modified incidents, have been made to do service as Christian narratives.

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**Who acts:** others, ancient heathen traditions, Indian legends · **What happens:** extract, have, trace, attribute, appear, be · **To what, where:** Many, various apocryphal books, some, Varlaam, ancient heathen traditions, service

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, ancient heathen traditions, Indian legends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:56:5
# text = Many of them have been extracted from the various apocryphal books which in olden times had so wide a circulation, and many also from the lives of the Saints; some of them may be traced to such adaptations of Indian legends as the "Varlaam and Josaphat" attributed to St. John of Damascus; and others appear to be ancient heathen traditions, which, with altered names and slightly modified incidents, have been made to do service as Christian narratives.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	extracted	extract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	apocryphal	apocryphal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	olden	olden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	wide	wide	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	circulation	circulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
24	also	also	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	lives	life	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Saints	Saint	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
32	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nmod	_	_
35	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	traced	trace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	adaptations	adaptation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	legends	legend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
44	as	as	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	Varlaam	Varlaam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	Josaphat	Josaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	49	punct	_	_
51	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	47	acl	_	_
52	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nmod:desc	_	_
54	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	obl:agent	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	Damascus	Damascus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	60	punct	_	_
58	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	60	cc	_	_
59	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	nsubj	_	_
60	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
61	to	to	PART	TO	_	65	mark	_	_
62	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	65	cop	_	_
63	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	amod	_	_
64	heathen	heathen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	amod	_	_
65	traditions	tradition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
67	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	79	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
69	with	with	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
70	altered	alter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	amod	_	_
71	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	79	obl	_	_
72	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	75	cc	_	_
73	slightly	slightly	ADV	RB	_	74	advmod	_	_
74	modified	modified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	75	amod	_	_
75	incidents	incident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
77	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	79	aux	_	_
78	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	79	aux:pass	_	_
79	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	65	conj	_	_
80	to	to	PART	TO	_	81	mark	_	_
81	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	79	xcomp	_	_
82	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	obj	_	_
83	as	as	ADP	IN	_	85	case	_	_
84	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	85	amod	_	_
85	narratives	narrative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	81	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
86	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | present · perfect · passive |  | Many of incidents |  | the various apocryphal books |  | from the many lives of the Saints | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from book=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | the various apocryphal books |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **trace** | may · passive |  | some |  |  |  | to such adaptations of Indian legends as the Varlaam and Josaphat | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **attribute** | participle |  | the Varlaam and Josaphat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **appear** | present | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | to-infinitive | others *not said here* | ancient heathen traditions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **alter** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | ancient heathen traditions |  |  |  | with altered names and modified incidents | tree rules |
| 9 | **do** | to-infinitive | ancient heathen traditions *not said here* | service |  |  |  | as Christian narratives | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Eventuality |
| 10 | **adapt** |  | Indian legends as the Varlaam and Josaphat |  |  |  |  |  | nom adaptation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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