---
title: [431] The flesh of the horse is considered unclean, because when the… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: [431] The flesh of the horse is considered unclean, because when the infant Saviour was hidden in the manger the horse kept eating the hay under which the babe was concealed, whereas the ox not only would not touch it, but brought back hay on its horns to replace what the horse had eaten. Who acts: 
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1, sentence 71

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\[431\] The flesh of the horse is considered unclean, because when the infant Saviour was hidden in the manger the horse kept eating the hay under which the babe was concealed, whereas the ox not only would not touch it, but brought back hay on its horns to replace what the horse had eaten.

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**Who acts:** horse, ox · **What happens:** consider, hide, keep, eat, conceal, not touch · **To what, where:** flesh, infant Saviour, manger, hay, babe, horns

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:56:71
# text = [431] The flesh of the horse is considered unclean, because when the infant Saviour was hidden in the manger the horse kept eating the hay under which the babe was concealed, whereas the ox not only would not touch it, but brought back hay on its horns to replace what the horse had eaten.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	431	431	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	19	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	infant	infant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Saviour	Saviour	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	manger	manger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
26	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	xcomp	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	under	under	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	babe	babe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
40	only	only	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
41	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
42	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
43	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	acl:relcl	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
48	back	back	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
49	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obj	_	_
50	on	on	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	52	nmod:poss	_	_
52	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	replace	replace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	advcl	_	_
55	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	59	obl	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nsubj:pass	_	_
58	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	59	aux	_	_
59	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	54	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | present · passive |  | the flesh of the horse |  |  |  | 431 *obl*; unclean *property* | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **hide** | past · passive |  | the infant Saviour |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | past | the horse |  |  | the manger |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **eat** | gerund | the horse *not said here* | the hay |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hay=Patient |
| 5 | **conceal** | past · passive |  | the babe |  | the hay |  | whereas the ox | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under which=Location |
| 6 | **not** **touch** | would | the ox *not said here* | babe |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 7 | **bring back** | past |  | hay |  | babe's horns |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hay=Theme on horn=Destination |
| 8 | **replace** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **eat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the horse |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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