---
title: "I have been on the earth," says St. Nicholas, whose clothes were al… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: "I have been on the earth," says St. Nicholas, whose clothes were all covered with mud. " Who acts: earth. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 3, sentence 102

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"I have been on the earth," says St. Nicholas, whose clothes were all covered with mud. "

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**Who acts:** earth · **What happens:** be, say, cover · **To what, where:** earth, Nicholas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:58:102
# text = "I have been on the earth," says St. Nicholas, whose clothes were all covered with mud. "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:desc	_	_
12	Nicholas	Nicholas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	all	all	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present · perfect | the earth *= earth* |  |  | the earth |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cover** | past · passive |  | Nicholas  St. |  |  |  | with mud; all *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with mud=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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