---
title: Dark is it in the forest without Byelun" is one phrase; and another,… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Dark is it in the forest without Byelun" is one phrase; and another, spoken of a man on whom fortune has smiled, is, "He must have made friends with Byelun." Who acts: Dark, man. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 4, with its de
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 4, sentence 141

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Dark is it in the forest without Byelun" is one phrase; and another, spoken of a man on whom fortune has smiled, is, "He must have made friends with Byelun."

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**Who acts:** Dark, man · **What happens:** be, speak, smile, make · **To what, where:** forest, one phrase, another, fortune, made friends · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dark, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:59:141
# text = Dark is it in the forest without Byelun" is one phrase; and another, spoken of a man on whom fortune has smiled, is, "He must have made friends with Byelun."
1	Dark	Dark	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Byelun	Byelun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nmod	_	_
23	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	smiled	smile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
29	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
31	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux	_	_
33	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
34	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Byelun	Byelun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dark |  |  | the forest |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | one phrase |  |  |  | without Byelun | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | participle · passive |  | another |  |  |  | of a man | tree rules |
| 4 | **smile** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | fortune |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 5 | **make** | must · perfect | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is a** | present |  | made friends |  |  |  | with Byelun | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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