---
title: "That's a bad business!" says the old man; "the summer will soon be… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics
description: "That's a bad business!" says the old man; "the summer will soon be coming, but we have no one to work for us here. Who acts: That, bad business, summer, we. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 5, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 5, sentence 127

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"That's a bad business!" says the old man; "the summer will soon be coming, but we have no one to work for us here.

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**Who acts:** That, bad business, summer, we · **What happens:** be, say, come, have, work · **To what, where:** bad business, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, bad business, summer, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg22373:60:127
# text = "That's a bad business!" says the old man; "the summer will soon be coming, but we have no one to work for us here.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
20	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	acl	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
31	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | That | a bad business |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | present | a bad business |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | future · progressive | the summer |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | we | no one |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 5 | **work** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | no one *not said here* |  | here |  | for us | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for we=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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