--- title: The author uses some alternative spellings--for example, "arn't" rat… — Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Musc… · tree and pragmatics description: The author uses some alternative spellings--for example, "arn't" rather than "aren't", "dulness" rather than "dullness", both "shan't" and "sha'n't"--which have been left unchanged. Who acts: author. A sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/63/102/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collecti…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/) / [Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/63/) / 102 # Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 8, sentence 102 The author uses some alternative spellings--for example, "arn't" rather than "aren't", "dulness" rather than "dullness", both "shan't" and "sha'n't"--which have been left unchanged. **Who acts:** author · **What happens:** use, leave · **To what, where:** alternative spellings This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (author), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg22373:63:102 # text = The author uses some alternative spellings--for example, "arn't" rather than "aren't", "dulness" rather than "dullness", both "shan't" and "sha'n't"--which have been left unchanged. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 author author NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 6 det _ _ 5 alternative alternative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 spellings spelling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 -- -- PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ar AR NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 13 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 14 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 15 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 12 advmod _ _ 16 than than ADP IN _ 15 fixed _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 19 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 15 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 20 " " PUNCT '' _ 19 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 dulness dulness NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 25 rather rather ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 26 than than ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 " " PUNCT `` _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 dullness dullness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 " " PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 33 nsubj _ _ 32 " " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 sha sha X FW _ 28 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 34 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 35 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 35 " " PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 37 " " PUNCT `` _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 sha' sha' INTJ UH _ 45 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 39 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 " " PUNCT '' _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 41 -- -- PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 42 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 45 nsubj:pass _ _ 43 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 44 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 45 aux:pass _ _ 45 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 46 unchanged unchanged ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | the author | some alternative spellings | | | | for example; than dullness | tree rules | | 2 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive | | | | | | unchanged *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 101](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/63/101/) - next →: [sentence 103](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/63/103/) - ↑ back to [Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/63/)