---
title: These Indians hardly ever see a negro, and their languages are very… — Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings · tree and pragmatics
description: These Indians hardly ever see a negro, and their languages are very distinct from the broken Portuguese spoken by the slaves. Who acts: Indians, languages. A sentence of «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, Dear Frost:, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings, Dear Frost:, sentence 61

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These Indians hardly ever see a negro, and their languages are very distinct from the broken Portuguese spoken by the slaves.

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**Who acts:** Indians, languages · **What happens:** see, be, break, speak · **To what, where:** negro, broken Portuguese · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, Dear Frost:. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians, languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2306:1:61
# text = These Indians hardly ever see a negro, and their languages are very distinct from the broken Portuguese spoken by the slaves.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	negro	negro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | infinitive | this Indians | a negro |  |  | ever | hardly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer negro=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | Indians's languages |  |  | the broken Portuguese |  | distinct *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by the slaves | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, Project Gutenberg book 2306 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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