---
title: He had a red cotton handkerchief tied under his chin, and the genial… — Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings · tree and pragmatics
description: He had a red cotton handkerchief tied under his chin, and the genial humor that usually makes his aged face its dwelling-place had given way to an expression of grim melancholy. Who acts: Uncle, genial humor. A sentence of «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, VI. Uncle R
---

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# Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings, VI. Uncle Remus With the Toothache, sentence 2

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He had a red cotton handkerchief tied under his chin, and the genial humor that usually makes his aged face its dwelling-place had given way to an expression of grim melancholy.

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**Who acts:** Uncle, genial humor · **What happens:** have, tie, make, give · **To what, where:** red cotton handkerchief, chin, aged face, genial humor

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This is a sentence of «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, VI. Uncle Remus With the Toothache. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Uncle, genial humor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg2306:52:2
# text = He had a red cotton handkerchief tied under his chin, and the genial humor that usually makes his aged face its dwelling-place had given way to an expression of grim melancholy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	handkerchief	handkerchief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	genial	genial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	humor	humor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	aged	aged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
23	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
28	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	grim	grim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Uncle | a red cotton handkerchief |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handkerchief=Patient |
| 2 | **tie** | participle |  | a red cotton handkerchief *not said here* |  | Uncle's chin |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | the genial humor | Uncle's aged face |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset face=Beneficiary place=Product |
| 4 | **give** | past · perfect · passive |  | the genial humor |  |  |  | to a expression of grim melancholy | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient way=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings» by Joel Chandler Harris, Project Gutenberg book 2306 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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