---
title: Mother Wolf lay with her big gray nose dropped across her four tumbl… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Mother Wolf lay with her big gray nose dropped across her four tumbling, squealing cubs, and the moon shone into the mouth of the cave where they all lived. Who acts: Mother, moon, cubs, Wolf. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mother Wolf lay with her big gray nose dropped across her four tumbling, squealing cubs, and the moon shone into the mouth of the cave where they all lived.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mother, moon, cubs, Wolf · **What happens:** lie, drop, squeal, shine, live, tumble · **To what, where:** big gray nose, four tumbling, cubs, mouth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mother, moon, cubs, Wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:1:12
# text = Mother Wolf lay with her big gray nose dropped across her four tumbling, squealing cubs, and the moon shone into the mouth of the cave where they all lived.
1	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	gray	gray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	tumbling	tumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	squealing	squeal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
16	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	31	advmod	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	advmod	_	_
31	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | Mother |  |  |  |  | with Wolf's big gray nose | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drop** | participle |  | Wolf's big gray nose *not said here* |  | Wolf's four tumbling |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across tumbling=Trajectory |
| 3 | **squeal** | gerund | Mother *not said here* | cubs |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cub=Theme |
| 4 | **shine** | past | the moon |  |  | the mouth of the cave |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **live** | past | cubs *= cub* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **tumble** |  | Wolf |  |  |  |  |  | nom tumbling «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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