---
title: A muffled roar came up from behind the rocks--the voice of Shere Kha… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: A muffled roar came up from behind the rocks--the voice of Shere Khan crying: “The cub is mine. Who acts: muffled roar, voice, cub. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 163

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A muffled roar came up from behind the rocks--the voice of Shere Khan crying: “The cub is mine.

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**Who acts:** muffled roar, voice, cub · **What happens:** muffle, come up, cry, be · **To what, where:** rocks, voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muffled roar, voice, cub), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:1:163
# text = A muffled roar came up from behind the rocks--the voice of Shere Khan crying: “The cub is mine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muffled	muffle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	roar	roar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Shere	Shere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cub	cub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **muffle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come up** | past | a muffled roar |  |  | the rocks and the voice of Shere |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from rock=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | the voice of Shere *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the cub | the voice of Shere *= voice* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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