---
title: It was the noise that bewilders woodcutters and gypsies sleeping in… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was the noise that bewilders woodcutters and gypsies sleeping in the open, and makes them run sometimes into the very mouth of the tiger. Who acts: whine, noise, woodcutters. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 60

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was the noise that bewilders woodcutters and gypsies sleeping in the open, and makes them run sometimes into the very mouth of the tiger.

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**Who acts:** whine, noise, woodcutters · **What happens:** be, bewilder, sleep, make, run · **To what, where:** noise, woodcutters, open, mouth

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whine, noise, woodcutters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:1:60
# text = It was the noise that bewilders woodcutters and gypsies sleeping in the open, and makes them run sometimes into the very mouth of the tiger.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	bewilders	bewilder	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	woodcutters	woodcutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gypsies	gypsy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	23	advmod	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	very	very	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	tiger	tiger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | whine | the noise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bewilder** | present | the noise | woodcutters and gypsies |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus woodcutter=Experiencer |
| 3 | **sleep** | gerund | woodcutters and gypsies *not said here* |  |  | the open |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in open=Location |
| 4 | **make** | present | the noise *not said here* | woodcutters *= woodcutter* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **run** | infinitive | woodcutters *= woodcutter* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the mouth of the tiger *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into mouth=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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