---
title: All these things happened several years ago at a place called Novast… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: All these things happened several years ago at a place called Novastoshnah, or North East Point, on the Island of St. Paul, away and away in the Bering Sea. Who acts: things. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 10, sentence 104

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All these things happened several years ago at a place called Novastoshnah, or North East Point, on the Island of St. Paul, away and away in the Bering Sea.

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**Who acts:** things · **What happens:** happen, call · **To what, where:** place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:10:104
# text = All these things happened several years ago at a place called Novastoshnah, or North East Point, on the Island of St. Paul, away and away in the Bering Sea.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	Novastoshnah	Novastoshnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
15	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Point	Point	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod:desc	_	_
24	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	away	away	ADV	RB	_	26	conj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Bering	Bering	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | all things |  |  | a place |  | ago, away *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at place=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a place *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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