---
title: He paddled and scrambled about by his mother’s side, and learned to… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He paddled and scrambled about by his mother’s side, and learned to scuffle out of the way when his father was fighting with another seal, and the two rolled and roared up and down the slippery rocks. Who acts: head, father, two. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, p
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 10, sentence 158

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He paddled and scrambled about by his mother’s side, and learned to scuffle out of the way when his father was fighting with another seal, and the two rolled and roared up and down the slippery rocks.

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**Who acts:** head, father, two · **What happens:** paddle, scramble, learn, scuffle, fight, roll · **To what, where:** way

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (head, father, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:10:158
# text = He paddled and scrambled about by his mother’s side, and learned to scuffle out of the way when his father was fighting with another seal, and the two rolled and roared up and down the slippery rocks.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paddled	paddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	scrambled	scramble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	scuffle	scuffle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	seal	seal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	nsubj	_	_
32	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	roared	roar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
35	up	up	ADP	RP	_	34	compound:prt	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	down	down	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paddle** | past | head |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **scramble** | past | head *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by head's mother's side; about *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by side=Trajectory |
| 3 | **learn** | past | head *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **scuffle** | to-infinitive | head *not said here* |  |  | the way |  |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **fight** | past · progressive | head's father |  |  |  |  | with another seal | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with seal=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **roll** | past | the two |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **roar up** | past | the two *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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