---
title: Ever since Akela had been deposed, the Pack had been without a leade… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Ever since Akela had been deposed, the Pack had been without a leader, hunting and fighting at their own pleasure. Who acts: Pack, leader, feet. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 10, sentence 4

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Ever since Akela had been deposed, the Pack had been without a leader, hunting and fighting at their own pleasure.

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**Who acts:** Pack, leader, feet · **What happens:** depose, be, hunt, fight, please · **To what, where:** Akela, own pleasure

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pack, leader, feet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:10:4
# text = Ever since Akela had been deposed, the Pack had been without a leader, hunting and fighting at their own pleasure.
1	Ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
2	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	deposed	depose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Pack	Pack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depose** | past · perfect · passive |  | Akela |  |  | ever |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past · perfect | the Pack |  |  |  |  | without a leader | tree rules |
| 3 | **hunt** | gerund | a leader *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fight** | gerund | a leader *not said here* |  |  | feet's own pleasure |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **please** |  | feet *= foot* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pleasure «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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