---
title: It was then that Mowgli made up a song that came up into his throat… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was then that Mowgli made up a song that came up into his throat all by itself, and he shouted it aloud, leaping up and down on the rattling skin, and beating time with his heels till he had no more breath left, while Gray Brother and Akela howled between the verses. Who acts: hide, song, Mowgli,
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 10, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was then that Mowgli made up a song that came up into his throat all by itself, and he shouted it aloud, leaping up and down on the rattling skin, and beating time with his heels till he had no more breath left, while Gray Brother and Akela howled between the verses.

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**Who acts:** hide, song, Mowgli, Gray Brother · **What happens:** be, come up, shout, leap up, beat, have · **To what, where:** throat, hide, rattling skin, more breath, verses

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hide, song, Mowgli, Gray Brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:10:7
# text = It was then that Mowgli made up a song that came up into his throat all by itself, and he shouted it aloud, leaping up and down on the rattling skin, and beating time with his heels till he had no more breath left, while Gray Brother and Akela howled between the verses.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj:outer	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	all	all	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	leaping	leap	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
27	up	up	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	down	down	ADV	RB	_	27	conj	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	rattling	rattling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	conj	_	_
37	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	heels	heel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
41	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
43	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	advcl	_	_
44	no	no	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	46	amod	_	_
46	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
47	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	46	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
49	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	54	mark	_	_
50	Gray	Gray	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	amod	_	_
51	Brother	Brother	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	54	nsubj	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	Akela	Akela	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	_
54	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	conj	_	_
55	between	between	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
57	verses	verse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | hide |  |  |  | then | make *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come up** | past | a song |  |  | Mowgli's throat |  | by hide | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into throat=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Mowgli | hide |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 4 | **leap up** | gerund | Mowgli *not said here* |  |  | the rattling skin |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Trajectory |
| 5 | **beat** | gerund | Mowgli *not said here* |  |  |  | time | with Mowgli's heels | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with heel=Theme |
| 6 | **have** | past | Mowgli | more breath |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Patient |
| 7 | **leave** | participle |  | more breath *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **howl** | past | Gray Brother and Akela |  |  | the verses |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between verse=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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