---
title: Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream. — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream. Who acts: Kotick. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 133

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Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream.

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**Who acts:** Kotick · **What happens:** swim back, leave, scream · **To what, where:** Novastoshnah, gulls

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kotick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:11:133
# text = Kotick swam back to Novastoshnah, leaving the gulls to scream.
1	Kotick	Kotick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Novastoshnah	Novastoshnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	scream	scream	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim back** | past | Kotick |  | Novastoshnah |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to novastoshnah=Destination |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | Kotick *not said here* | the gulls |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gull=Theme |
| 3 | **scream** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | Kotick *not said here* | the gulls *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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