--- title: And just as he was going to roll the speaker over, a couple of black… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: And just as he was going to roll the speaker over, a couple of black-haired men with flat red faces came from behind a sand dune, and Kotick, who had never seen a man before, coughed and lowered his head. Who acts: Kotick, couple. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/41/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/) / 41 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 41 And just as he was going to roll the speaker over, a couple of black-haired men with flat red faces came from behind a sand dune, and Kotick, who had never seen a man before, coughed and lowered his head. **Who acts:** Kotick, couple · **What happens:** go, roll over, come, not see, cough, lower · **To what, where:** speaker, sand dune, man, head This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kotick, couple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:11:41 # text = And just as he was going to roll the speaker over, a couple of black-haired men with flat red faces came from behind a sand dune, and Kotick, who had never seen a man before, coughed and lowered his head. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 just just ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 3 as as SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 7 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 8 roll roll VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 speaker speaker NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 over over ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 couple couple NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 16 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 haired haired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 24 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 26 behind behind ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 dune dune NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 32 Kotick Kotick PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 37 nsubj _ _ 35 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 32 acl:relcl _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 before before ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 42 coughed cough VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 parataxis _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 lowered lower VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 conj _ _ 45 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ _ 46 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | past · progressive | Kotick | | | | | | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **roll over** | to-infinitive | Kotick *not said here* | the speaker | | | | over *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Agent | | 3 | **come** | past | a couple of haired men with flat red faces | | | a sand dune | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from dune=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | Kotick | a man | | | | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | | 5 | **cough** | past | Kotick | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **lower** | past | Kotick *not said here* | Kotick's head | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/40/) - next →: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/42/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/)