---
title: “What’s here?” said a sea lion gruffly, for as a rule the sea lions… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: “What’s here?” said a sea lion gruffly, for as a rule the sea lions keep themselves to themselves. Who acts: sea lion, sea lions. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/84/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 84

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“What’s here?” said a sea lion gruffly, for as a rule the sea lions keep themselves to themselves.

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**Who acts:** sea lion, sea lions · **What happens:** say, keep · **To what, where:** Neck · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea lion, sea lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:11:84
# text = “What’s here?” said a sea lion gruffly, for as a rule the sea lions keep themselves to themselves.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	gruffly	gruffly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a sea lion |  |  |  |  | gruffly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | present | the sea lions | Neck | Neck |  |  | for a rule | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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