---
title: You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove. — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove. Who acts: You. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 92

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You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove.

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**Who acts:** You · **What happens:** see, polish off, drive · **To what, where:** old Kerick

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:11:92
# text = You must have seen old Kerick polishing off a drove.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Kerick	Kerick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	polishing	polish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | must · perfect | You | old Kerick |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kerick=Stimulus |
| 2 | **polish off** | gerund | You *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **drive** | past | You *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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