--- title: “It’s horrible,” said Kotick, backing water as a wave went over him,… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: “It’s horrible,” said Kotick, backing water as a wave went over him, and steadying himself with a screw stroke of his flippers that brought him all standing within three inches of a jagged edge of rock. Who acts: skin, Kotick, wave, flippers. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/94/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/) / 94 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 94 “It’s horrible,” said Kotick, backing water as a wave went over him, and steadying himself with a screw stroke of his flippers that brought him all standing within three inches of a jagged edge of rock. **Who acts:** skin, Kotick, wave, flippers · **What happens:** be, say, back, go, steady, bring · **To what, where:** water, Kotick, flippers · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin, Kotick, wave, flippers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:11:94 # text = “It’s horrible,” said Kotick, backing water as a wave went over him, and steadying himself with a screw stroke of his flippers that brought him all standing within three inches of a jagged edge of rock. 1 “ " PUNCT `` _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ’s be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 horrible horrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ” " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 Kotick Kotick PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 backing back VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 11 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 as as SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 16 over over ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 steadying steady VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 21 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 20 obj _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 screw screw NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 stroke stroke NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 29 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 30 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ _ 31 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 all all ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 standing stand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 advcl _ _ 34 within within ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 36 inches inch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 jagged jagged ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | skin | | | | | horrible *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kotick | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **back** | gerund | Kotick *not said here* | water | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Agent | | 4 | **go** | past | a wave | | | | | over Kotick | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over he=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **steady** | gerund | Kotick *not said here* | Kotick | | | | with a screw stroke of Kotick's flippers | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent himself=Patient with stroke=Instrument | | 6 | **bring** | past | Kotick's flippers | | Kotick | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination | | 7 | **stand** | gerund | Kotick's flippers *not said here* | | | | | within three inches of a jagged edge of rock; all *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **stroke** | | | Kotick's flippers | | | | | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 93](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/93/) - next →: [sentence 95](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/95/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/)