---
title: Or else he could see that seals had once visited the island and been… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Or else he could see that seals had once visited the island and been killed off, and Kotick knew that where men had come once they would come again. Who acts: Kotick, men. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/11/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Or else he could see that seals had once visited the island and been killed off, and Kotick knew that where men had come once they would come again.

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**Who acts:** Kotick, men · **What happens:** see, visit, kill off, know, come · **To what, where:** seals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kotick, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:12:11
# text = Or else he could see that seals had once visited the island and been killed off, and Kotick knew that where men had come once they would come again.
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	advmod	_	_
10	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Kotick	Kotick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	25	advmod	_	_
23	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
24	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
26	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	25	advmod	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
30	again	again	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | Kotick |  |  |  |  | else *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **visit** | past · perfect · passive |  | seals |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **kill off** | participle · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP.instrument V NP» |
| 4 | **know** | past | Kotick |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **come** | past · perfect | men |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **come** | would | men *= man* |  |  |  | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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