---
title: Seals had come to those islands once upon a time, but men had killed… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Seals had come to those islands once upon a time, but men had killed them all off. Who acts: Seals. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/18/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 18

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Seals had come to those islands once upon a time, but men had killed them all off.

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**Who acts:** Seals · **What happens:** come, kill · **To what, where:** islands, men

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:12:18
# text = Seals had come to those islands once upon a time, but men had killed them all off.
1	Seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	obj	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past · perfect | Seals |  |  | that islands |  | once *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to island=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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