---
title: This time he went westward, because he had fallen on the trail of a… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: This time he went westward, because he had fallen on the trail of a great shoal of halibut, and he needed at least one hundred pounds of fish a day to keep him in good condition. Who acts: seal. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12, with its dependency tree an
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 31

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This time he went westward, because he had fallen on the trail of a great shoal of halibut, and he needed at least one hundred pounds of fish a day to keep him in good condition.

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**Who acts:** seal · **What happens:** go, fall, need, keep · **To what, where:** trail, hundred pounds, seal, good condition

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:12:31
# text = This time he went westward, because he had fallen on the trail of a great shoal of halibut, and he needed at least one hundred pounds of fish a day to keep him in good condition.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	shoal	shoal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	halibut	halibut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	nmod	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	compound	_	_
27	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl:unmarked	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | seal |  |  |  | time | westward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past · perfect | seal |  |  | the trail of a great shoal of halibut |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trail=Location |
| 3 | **need** | past | seal | hundred pounds of fish |  |  | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pound=Theme |
| 4 | **keep** | to-infinitive | seal *not said here* | seal |  | good condition |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent he=Theme in condition=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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