--- title: Their heads were the most foolish-looking things you ever saw, and t… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: Their heads were the most foolish-looking things you ever saw, and they balanced on the ends of their tails in deep water when they weren’t grazing, bowing solemnly to each other and waving their front flippers as a fat man waves his arm. Who acts: heads, you, People, fat man. A sentence of «The Jun --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/) / 39 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 39 Their heads were the most foolish-looking things you ever saw, and they balanced on the ends of their tails in deep water when they weren’t grazing, bowing solemnly to each other and waving their front flippers as a fat man waves his arm. **Who acts:** heads, you, People, fat man · **What happens:** look, be, see, balance, not graze, bow · **To what, where:** looking things, ends, front flippers, arm This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heads, you, People, fat man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:12:39 # text = Their heads were the most foolish-looking things you ever saw, and they balanced on the ends of their tails in deep water when they weren’t grazing, bowing solemnly to each other and waving their front flippers as a fat man waves his arm. 1 Their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 5 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 6 advmod _ _ 6 foolish foolish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 looking look VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 amod _ _ 9 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 11 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 12 advmod _ _ 12 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 balanced balance VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 17 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 ends end NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 26 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 30 advmod _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 29 n’t not PART RB Polarity=Neg 30 advmod _ _ 30 grazing graze VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 bowing bow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 conj _ _ 33 solemnly solemnly ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 32 obl _ _ 36 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 fixed _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 waving wave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 30 conj _ _ 39 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 40 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 42 as as SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 fat fat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 46 waves wave VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 advcl _ _ 47 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **look** | gerund | | | | | | | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 2 | **is a** | past | People's heads | the looking things | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **see** | past | you | the looking things *not said here* | | | ever | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | | 4 | **balance** | past | People | | | | on the ends of People's tails | in deep water | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on end=Location | | 5 | **not** **graze** | past · progressive | People | | | | | | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **bow** | gerund | People *not said here* | | | | | to each; solemnly *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to each=Theme | | 7 | **wave** | gerund | People *not said here* | People's front flippers | | | | | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flipper=Patient | | 8 | **wave** | present | a fat man | seal's arm | | | | | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/38/) - next →: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/40/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/)