---
title: One night they sank through the shiny water--sank like stones--and f… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: One night they sank through the shiny water--sank like stones--and for the first time since he had known them began to swim quickly. Who acts: miles. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 65

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One night they sank through the shiny water--sank like stones--and for the first time since he had known them began to swim quickly.

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**Who acts:** miles · **What happens:** sink, know, begin, swim · **To what, where:** shiny water, Kotick

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (miles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:12:65
# text = One night they sank through the shiny water--sank like stones--and for the first time since he had known them began to swim quickly.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	amod	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
19	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	advcl	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | miles *= mile* |  |  | the shiny water | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **sink** | past | miles *= mile* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like stones | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **know** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kotick |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **swim** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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