---
title: Then he threw himself back on his haunches and hauled his enemy down… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he threw himself back on his haunches and hauled his enemy down the beach, shook him, and knocked him over. Who acts: seal. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 97

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Then he threw himself back on his haunches and hauled his enemy down the beach, shook him, and knocked him over.

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**Who acts:** seal · **What happens:** throw back, haul, shake, knock over · **To what, where:** seal, haunches, enemy

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:12:97
# text = Then he threw himself back on his haunches and hauled his enemy down the beach, shook him, and knocked him over.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	haunches	haunch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hauled	haul	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw back** | past | seal | seal |  | seal's haunches | then |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent himself=Theme on haunch=Destination |
| 2 | **haul** | past | seal *not said here* | seal's enemy |  |  |  | down the beach | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Theme |
| 3 | **shake** | past | seal *not said here* | seal |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **knock over** | past | seal *not said here* | seal |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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