---
title: And o’er the foam-flecked offing as far as voice could reach We hail… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And o’er the foam-flecked offing as far as voice could reach We hailed the landing-parties and we sang them up the beach. Who acts: you, voice, We. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 28

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And o’er the foam-flecked offing as far as voice could reach We hailed the landing-parties and we sang them up the beach.

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**Who acts:** you, voice, We · **What happens:** o'er, fleck, off, reach, hail, sing up · **To what, where:** landing parties, parties

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, voice, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:13:28
# text = And o’er the foam-flecked offing as far as voice could reach We hailed the landing-parties and we sang them up the beach.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	o’er	o'er	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	flecked	fleck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
7	offing	off	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
8	as	as	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
14	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hailed	hail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **o'er** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fleck** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **off** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **reach** | could | voice |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hail** | past | We | the landing parties |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme |
| 6 | **sing up** *speech: express* | past | we | parties *= party* |  |  |  | the beach *obl* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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