---
title: At night, just as the Northern Lights were winking and flashing thro… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: At night, just as the Northern Lights were winking and flashing through the fog, Kotick climbed a bare rock and looked down on the scattered nurseries and the torn and bleeding seals. Who acts: Northern Lights, Kotick. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13, wit
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At night, just as the Northern Lights were winking and flashing through the fog, Kotick climbed a bare rock and looked down on the scattered nurseries and the torn and bleeding seals.

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**Who acts:** Northern Lights, Kotick · **What happens:** wink, flash, climb, look down, tear, bleed · **To what, where:** fog, bare rock

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Northern Lights, Kotick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:13:3
# text = At night, just as the Northern Lights were winking and flashing through the fog, Kotick climbed a bare rock and looked down on the scattered nurseries and the torn and bleeding seals.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	winking	wink	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
17	Kotick	Kotick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	scattered	scatter	ADJ	VBN	_	28	amod	_	_
28	nurseries	nursery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
31	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	amod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	bleeding	bleed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	31	conj	_	_
34	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wink** | past · progressive | the Northern Lights |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flash** | gerund | the Northern Lights *not said here* |  |  | the fog |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through fog=Location |
| 3 | **climb** | past | Kotick | a bare rock |  |  | night |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location rock=Theme |
| 4 | **look down** | past | Kotick *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the scattered nurseries and the torn seals | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on nursery=Theme |
| 5 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **bleed** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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