---
title: When he revived, he was lying in the hot sun on the middle of a gard… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When he revived, he was lying in the hot sun on the middle of a garden path, very draggled indeed, and a small boy was saying, “Here’s a dead mongoose. Who acts: Tikki, small boy, dead mongoose. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13, with its dependency tree an
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 56

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he revived, he was lying in the hot sun on the middle of a garden path, very draggled indeed, and a small boy was saying, “Here’s a dead mongoose.

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**Who acts:** Tikki, small boy, dead mongoose · **What happens:** revive, lie, draggl, say, be · **To what, where:** hot sun · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikki, small boy, dead mongoose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:13:56
# text = When he revived, he was lying in the hot sun on the middle of a garden path, very draggled indeed, and a small boy was saying, “Here’s a dead mongoose.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	revived	revive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	very	very	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	draggled	draggl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
22	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	mongoose	mongoose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revive** | past | Tikki |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lie** | past · progressive | Tikki |  |  | the hot sun on the middle of a garden path |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun=Location |
| 3 | **draggl** | participle | Tikki *not said here* |  |  |  |  | indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | a small boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | a dead mongoose |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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