---
title: But he was a restless companion, because he had to get up and attend… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But he was a restless companion, because he had to get up and attend to every noise all through the night, and find out what made it. Who acts: Tikki. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 84

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But he was a restless companion, because he had to get up and attend to every noise all through the night, and find out what made it.

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**Who acts:** Tikki · **What happens:** be, have, get up, attend, find out, make · **To what, where:** restless companion, noise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:13:84
# text = But he was a restless companion, because he had to get up and attend to every noise all through the night, and find out what made it.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	restless	restless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	companion	companion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	attend	attend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	all	all	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
26	out	out	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	_
27	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	28	nsubj	_	_
28	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	ccomp	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Tikki | a restless companion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | Tikki |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get up** | to-infinitive | Tikki *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **attend** | infinitive | Tikki *not said here* |  |  |  | night | to every noise | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to noise=Theme |
| 5 | **find out** | infinitive | Tikki *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **make** | past |  | noise |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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