---
title: So, before he was twenty-five, he gave up being afraid, and so he wa… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: So, before he was twenty-five, he gave up being afraid, and so he was the best-loved and the best-looked-after elephant in the service of the Government of India. Who acts: Kala, twenty five. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15, with its dependency tree and t
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/126/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 126

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So, before he was twenty-five, he gave up being afraid, and so he was the best-loved and the best-looked-after elephant in the service of the Government of India.

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**Who acts:** Kala, twenty five · **What happens:** be, give up, love, look, service · **To what, where:** twenty five, Kala, Government

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kala, twenty five), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:126
# text = So, before he was twenty-five, he gave up being afraid, and so he was the best-loved and the best-looked-after elephant in the service of the Government of India.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	csubj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
21	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
26	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	after	after	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Kala | twenty five |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give up** | past | Kala |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | twenty five |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **love** | past · passive |  | Kala |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **look** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **service** |  |  | the Government of India |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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