---
title: He had seen his fellow elephants die of cold and epilepsy and starva… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He had seen his fellow elephants die of cold and epilepsy and starvation and sunstroke up at a place called Ali Musjid, ten years later; and afterward he had been sent down thousands of miles south to haul and pile big balks of teak in the timberyards at Moulmein. Who acts: Kala, fellow elephants. A
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 129

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had seen his fellow elephants die of cold and epilepsy and starvation and sunstroke up at a place called Ali Musjid, ten years later; and afterward he had been sent down thousands of miles south to haul and pile big balks of teak in the timberyards at Moulmein.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kala, fellow elephants · **What happens:** see, die, sunstroke up, call, send down, haul · **To what, where:** place, Kala, big balks, timberyards · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kala, fellow elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:129
# text = He had seen his fellow elephants die of cold and epilepsy and starvation and sunstroke up at a place called Ali Musjid, ten years later; and afterward he had been sent down thousands of miles south to haul and pile big balks of teak in the timberyards at Moulmein.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fellow	fellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	die	die	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	epilepsy	epilepsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	starvation	starvation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	sunstroke	sunstroke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	_
22	Musjid	Musjid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl:unmarked	_	_
26	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
29	afterward	afterward	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
31	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
34	down	down	ADP	RP	_	33	compound:prt	_	_
35	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
38	south	south	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	haul	haul	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	advcl	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	pile	pile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	conj	_	_
43	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	balks	balk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	teak	teak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	timberyards	timberyard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl	_	_
50	at	at	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	Moulmein	Moulmein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | Kala |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **die** | present | Kala's fellow elephants |  |  |  |  | of cold epilepsy and starvation | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of epilepsy=Causer |
| 3 | **sunstroke up** | past | Kala's fellow elephants *not said here* |  |  | a place |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | a place *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **send down** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kala |  |  |  | afterward, south *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination thousand=Theme |
| 6 | **haul** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **pile** | infinitive |  | big balks of teak |  | the timberyards at Moulmein |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent balk=Theme in timberyard=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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