---
title: There he had half killed an insubordinate young elephant who was shi… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: There he had half killed an insubordinate young elephant who was shirking his fair share of work. Who acts: insubordinate young elephant, Kala. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 130

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There he had half killed an insubordinate young elephant who was shirking his fair share of work.

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**Who acts:** insubordinate young elephant, Kala · **What happens:** kill, shirk, share · **To what, where:** Kala, fair share, work

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (insubordinate young elephant, Kala), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:130
# text = There he had half killed an insubordinate young elephant who was shirking his fair share of work.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	half	half	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	advmod	_	_
5	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	insubordinate	insubordinate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	shirking	shirk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kala |  | there |  | half *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer elephant=Result |
| 2 | **shirk** | past · progressive | a insubordinate young elephant | Kala's fair share of work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **share** |  | Kala | work |  |  |  |  | nom share «possession transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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