---
title: Kala Nag stood ten fair feet at the shoulders, and his tusks had bee… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Kala Nag stood ten fair feet at the shoulders, and his tusks had been cut off short at five feet, and bound round the ends, to prevent them splitting, with bands of copper; but he could do more with those stumps than any untrained elephant could do with the real sharpened ones. Who acts: Kala. A sen
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 134

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kala Nag stood ten fair feet at the shoulders, and his tusks had been cut off short at five feet, and bound round the ends, to prevent them splitting, with bands of copper; but he could do more with those stumps than any untrained elephant could do with the real sharpened ones.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kala · **What happens:** stand, cut off, bind, prevent, split, do · **To what, where:** ten fair feet, shoulders, tusks, bands, more

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kala), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:134
# text = Kala Nag stood ten fair feet at the shoulders, and his tusks had been cut off short at five feet, and bound round the ends, to prevent them splitting, with bands of copper; but he could do more with those stumps than any untrained elephant could do with the real sharpened ones.
1	Kala	Kala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
17	off	off	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	bound	bind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
25	round	round	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ends	end	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	conj	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	splitting	split	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	bands	band	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
39	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
43	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	42	obj	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	46	det	_	_
46	stumps	stump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	_
47	than	than	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
48	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	50	det	_	_
49	untrained	untrained	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
51	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	42	parataxis	_	_
53	with	with	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	57	det	_	_
55	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
56	sharpened	sharpen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	57	amod	_	_
57	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Kala | ten fair feet |  | the shoulders |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Theme at shoulder=Destination |
| 2 | **cut off** | past · perfect · passive |  | Kala's tusks |  |  |  | short *property* | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **bind** | participle |  |  |  |  | round the ends |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **prevent** | to-infinitive |  | tusks *= tusk* |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme |
| 5 | **split** | gerund |  | bands of copper |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent band=Patient |
| 6 | **do** | could | Kala | more |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Eventuality |
| 7 | **do** | could |  |  |  |  |  | with that stumps than any untrained elephant; with the real sharpened ones | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **sharpen** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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