---
title: When, after weeks and weeks of cautious driving of scattered elephan… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: When, after weeks and weeks of cautious driving of scattered elephants across the hills, the forty or fifty wild monsters were driven into the last stockade, and the big drop gate, made of tree trunks lashed together, jarred down behind them, Kala Nag, at the word of command, would go into that flar
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/135/)

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 135

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When, after weeks and weeks of cautious driving of scattered elephants across the hills, the forty or fifty wild monsters were driven into the last stockade, and the big drop gate, made of tree trunks lashed together, jarred down behind them, Kala Nag, at the word of command, would go into that flaring, trumpeting pandemonium (generally at night, when the flicker of the torches made it difficult to judge distances), and, picking out the biggest and wildest tusker of the mob, would hammer him and hustle him into quiet while the men on the backs of the other elephants roped and tied the smaller ones.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flicker, pandemonium, picking, men, torches · **What happens:** drive, make, lash together, jar down, go, flare · **To what, where:** weeks, last stockade, big drop gate, tree trunks, word, flaring pandemonium

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flicker, pandemonium, picking, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:135
# text = When, after weeks and weeks of cautious driving of scattered elephants across the hills, the forty or fifty wild monsters were driven into the last stockade, and the big drop gate, made of tree trunks lashed together, jarred down behind them, Kala Nag, at the word of command, would go into that flaring, trumpeting pandemonium (generally at night, when the flicker of the torches made it difficult to judge distances), and, picking out the biggest and wildest tusker of the mob, would hammer him and hustle him into quiet while the men on the backs of the other elephants roped and tied the smaller ones.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cautious	cautious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	driving	driving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	scattered	scatter	ADJ	VBN	_	12	amod	_	_
12	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	across	across	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
18	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	conj	_	_
21	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	stockade	stockade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
33	drop	drop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
40	lashed	lash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	acl	_	_
41	together	together	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	jarred	jar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	conj	_	_
44	down	down	ADP	RP	_	43	compound:prt	_	_
45	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
48	Kala	Kala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	obl:agent	_	_
49	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	at	at	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	53	parataxis	_	_
59	into	into	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
60	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	64	det	_	_
61	flaring	flare	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	64	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	trumpeting	trumpet	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	61	conj	_	_
64	pandemonium	pandemonium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
65	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	68	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	68	advmod	_	_
67	at	at	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
68	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
69	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
70	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	76	mark	_	_
71	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	72	det	_	_
72	flicker	flicker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	nsubj	_	_
73	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
74	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	75	det	_	_
75	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	72	nmod	_	_
76	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	68	conj	_	_
77	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	76	obj	_	_
78	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	76	xcomp	_	_
79	to	to	PART	TO	_	80	mark	_	_
80	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	78	xcomp	_	_
81	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	80	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	68	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	98	punct	_	_
84	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	98	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	86	punct	_	_
86	picking	pick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	98	csubj	_	_
87	out	out	ADP	RP	_	86	compound:prt	_	_
88	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	92	det	_	_
89	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	92	amod	_	_
90	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	91	cc	_	_
91	wildest	wild	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	89	conj	_	_
92	tusker	tusker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	obj	_	_
93	of	of	ADP	IN	_	95	case	_	_
94	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	95	det	_	_
95	mob	mob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	92	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	86	punct	_	_
97	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	98	aux	_	_
98	hammer	hammer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	parataxis	_	_
99	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	98	obj	_	_
100	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	101	cc	_	_
101	hustle	hustle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	98	conj	_	_
102	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	101	obj	_	_
103	into	into	ADP	IN	_	104	case	_	_
104	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	101	obl	_	_
105	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	115	mark	_	_
106	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	107	det	_	_
107	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	115	nsubj	_	_
108	on	on	ADP	IN	_	110	case	_	_
109	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	110	det	_	_
110	backs	back	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	107	nmod	_	_
111	of	of	ADP	IN	_	114	case	_	_
112	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	114	det	_	_
113	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	114	amod	_	_
114	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	110	nmod	_	_
115	roped	rope	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	101	advcl	_	_
116	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	117	cc	_	_
117	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	115	conj	_	_
118	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	120	det	_	_
119	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	120	amod	_	_
120	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	117	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
121	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · passive |  | weeks and weeks of cautious driving of scattered elephants across the hills and the forty wild monsters |  | the last stockade |  | the big drop gate *obl* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme into stockade=Trajectory |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the big drop gate *not said here* |  |  |  | of tree trunks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **lash together** | participle |  | tree trunks *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **jar down** | participle |  |  |  | the word of command |  | behind Elephants *= elephant* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **go** | would |  |  |  | that flaring pandemonium |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into pandemonium=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **flare** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **trumpet** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **make** | past | the flicker of the torches | pandemonium |  |  |  | difficult *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 9 | **judge** | to-infinitive | pandemonium *not said here* | distances |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value |
| 10 | **pick out** | gerund |  | the biggest tusker of the mob |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusker=Patient |
| 11 | **hammer** | would | picking | Kala |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument |
| 12 | **hustle** | infinitive | picking *not said here* | Kala |  | quiet |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Patient into quiet=Eventuality |
| 13 | **rope** | past | the men on the backs of the other elephants |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 14 | **tie** | past | the men on the backs of the other elephants *not said here* | the smaller ones |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 15 | **drive** |  |  | scattered elephants across the hills and the forty wild monsters |  |  |  |  | nom driving «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 16 | **word** |  |  | command |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 17 | **flicker** |  | the torches |  |  |  |  |  | nom flicker «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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