--- title: He knew what he was talking of; for he had been born under Kala Nag’… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics description: He knew what he was talking of; for he had been born under Kala Nag’s shadow, had played with the end of his trunk before he could walk, had taken him down to water as soon as he could walk, and Kala Nag would no more have dreamed of disobeying his shrill little orders than he would have dreamed of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/141/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Jungle Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/) / [The Jungle Book, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/) / 141 # The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 141 He knew what he was talking of; for he had been born under Kala Nag’s shadow, had played with the end of his trunk before he could walk, had taken him down to water as soon as he could walk, and Kala Nag would no more have dreamed of disobeying his shrill little orders than he would have dreamed of killing him on that day when Big Toomai carried the little brown baby under Kala Nag’s tusks, and told him to salute his master that was to be. **Who acts:** grandson, Big, Kala · **What happens:** know, talk, bear, play, walk, take down · **To what, where:** grandson, shadow, Kala, shrill little orders, brown baby, master · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grandson, Big, Kala), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg236:15:141 # text = He knew what he was talking of; for he had been born under Kala Nag’s shadow, had played with the end of his trunk before he could walk, had taken him down to water as soon as he could walk, and Kala Nag would no more have dreamed of disobeying his shrill little orders than he would have dreamed of killing him on that day when Big Toomai carried the little brown baby under Kala Nag’s tusks, and told him to salute his master that was to be. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 obl _ _ 4 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 talking talk VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 ccomp _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 for for SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 14 under under ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 15 Kala Kala PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod:poss _ _ 16 Nag Nag PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ’s 's PART POS _ 15 case _ _ 18 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 played play VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 before before SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 walk walk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 conj _ _ 35 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 down down ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 37 to to ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 39 as as ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 34 advmod _ _ 41 as as SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 42 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 walk walk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 47 Kala Kala PROPN NNP Number=Sing 53 nsubj:pass _ _ 48 Nag Nag PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 flat _ _ 49 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 50 no no ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 51 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 53 nsubj:pass _ _ 52 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 53 dreamed dream VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 54 of of SCONJ IN _ 55 mark _ _ 55 disobeying disobey VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 53 advcl _ _ 56 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 59 nmod:poss _ _ 57 shrill shrill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 58 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 59 orders order NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 obj _ _ 60 than than SCONJ IN _ 64 mark _ _ 61 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 64 nsubj _ _ 62 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 64 aux _ _ 63 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 64 aux _ _ 64 dreamed dream VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 55 advcl _ _ 65 of of SCONJ IN _ 66 mark _ _ 66 killing kill VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 64 advcl _ _ 67 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 66 obj _ _ 68 on on ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 69 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 70 det _ _ 70 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 obl _ _ 71 when when SCONJ WRB _ 74 mark _ _ 72 Big Big PROPN NNP Number=Sing 74 nsubj _ _ 73 Toomai Toomai PROPN NNP Number=Sing 72 flat _ _ 74 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 64 advcl _ _ 75 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 78 det _ _ 76 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 77 amod _ _ 77 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 78 amod _ _ 78 baby baby NOUN NN Number=Sing 74 obj _ _ 79 under under ADP IN _ 80 case _ _ 80 Kala Kala PROPN NNP Number=Sing 83 compound _ _ 81 Nag Nag PROPN NNP Number=Sing 80 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 82 ’s 's PART POS _ 80 case _ _ 83 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 74 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 84 , , PUNCT , _ 86 punct _ _ 85 and and CCONJ CC _ 86 cc _ _ 86 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 87 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 86 iobj _ _ 88 to to PART TO _ 89 mark _ _ 89 salute salute VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 86 xcomp _ _ 90 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 91 nmod:poss _ _ 91 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 89 obj _ _ 92 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 95 nsubj _ _ 93 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 95 cop _ _ 94 to to PART TO _ 95 mark _ _ 95 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 91 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 96 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past | grandson | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **talk** | past · progressive | grandson | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **bear** | past · perfect · passive | | grandson | | Kala's shadow | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 4 | **play** | past · perfect | grandson *not said here* | | | | with the end of grandson's trunk | | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with end=Theme | | 5 | **walk** | could | grandson | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **take down** | past · perfect | grandson *not said here* | grandson | | | | to water; soon *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 7 | **walk** | could | grandson | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **dream** | would · perfect · passive | | Kala | | | | | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 9 | **disobey** | gerund | | grandson's shrill little orders | | | | | tree rules | | 10 | **dream** | would · perfect | grandson | | | | | | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **kill** | gerund | grandson *not said here* | grandson | | | day | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 12 | **carry** | past | Big | the brown baby | | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme baby=Beneficiary tusk=Value | | 13 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | | | grandson | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 14 | **salute** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | grandson's master | | | | | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent master=Topic | | 15 | **shadow** | | Kala | | | | | | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent | | 16 | **order** | | grandson | | | | | | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 140](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/140/) - next →: [The Jungle Book, part 16, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/16/1/) - ↑ back to [The Jungle Book, part 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/15/)