---
title: And the red ants that live between the grass stems heard him, and be… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: And the red ants that live between the grass stems heard him, and began to troop down one after another to see if he had spoken the truth. Who acts: red ants, widow. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 82

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the red ants that live between the grass stems heard him, and began to troop down one after another to see if he had spoken the truth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** red ants, widow · **What happens:** live, hear, begin, troop down, see, speak · **To what, where:** grass stems, widow, one, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (red ants, widow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:82
# text = And the red ants that live between the grass stems heard him, and began to troop down one after another to see if he had spoken the truth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	stems	stem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	troop	troop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	obj	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	nmod	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
24	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	ccomp	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the red ants |  |  | the grass stems |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between stem=Location |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the red ants | widow |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the red ants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **troop down** | to-infinitive | the red ants *not said here* | one |  |  | after another |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location one=Theme |
| 5 | **see** | to-infinitive | the red ants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect | widow | the truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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