---
title: That set all the birds in the garden singing, and the frogs croaking… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: That set all the birds in the garden singing, and the frogs croaking, for Nag and Nagaina used to eat frogs as well as little birds. Who acts: That, frogs. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 15, sentence 91

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That set all the birds in the garden singing, and the frogs croaking, for Nag and Nagaina used to eat frogs as well as little birds.

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**Who acts:** That, frogs · **What happens:** set, croak, use, eat · **To what, where:** birds, garden singing, Nag, frogs

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:15:91
# text = That set all the birds in the garden singing, and the frogs croaking, for Nag and Nagaina used to eat frogs as well as little birds.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
14	croaking	croak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Nagaina	Nagaina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	22	advmod	_	_
25	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	fixed	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | That | all birds |  | the garden singing |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bird=Theme in singing=Destination |
| 2 | **croak** | gerund | the frogs *not said here* | Nag and Nagaina |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nag=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | past | the frogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **eat** | to-infinitive | the frogs *not said here* | frogs |  |  |  | as little birds | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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