---
title: Kala Nag hit the new elephant in the ribs and knocked the wind out o… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Kala Nag hit the new elephant in the ribs and knocked the wind out of him, as Big Toomai said, “We have swept the hills of wild elephants at the last catch. Who acts: Kala, Big, We. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 124

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kala Nag hit the new elephant in the ribs and knocked the wind out of him, as Big Toomai said, “We have swept the hills of wild elephants at the last catch.

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**Who acts:** Kala, Big, We · **What happens:** hit, knock, say, sweep · **To what, where:** new elephant, ribs, wind, hills, last catch · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kala, Big, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:16:124
# text = Kala Nag hit the new elephant in the ribs and knocked the wind out of him, as Big Toomai said, “We have swept the hills of wild elephants at the last catch.
1	Kala	Kala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ribs	rib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	Big	Big	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	flat	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	swept	sweep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	catch	catch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | Kala | the new elephant |  | the ribs |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme in rib=Destination |
| 2 | **knock** | past | Kala *not said here* | the wind |  |  |  | out elephant | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent wind=Theme out he=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Big |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **sweep** *in a quote* | present · perfect | We | the hills of wild elephants |  | the last catch |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hill=Theme at catch=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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