---
title: He turned where he was lying all along on Pudmini’s back and said, “… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He turned where he was lying all along on Pudmini’s back and said, “What is that? Who acts: Petersen, that. A sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 79

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He turned where he was lying all along on Pudmini’s back and said, “What is that?

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**Who acts:** Petersen, that · **What happens:** turn, lie, say, be · **To what, where:** back · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petersen, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:16:79
# text = He turned where he was lying all along on Pudmini’s back and said, “What is that?
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	along	along	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Pudmini	Pudmini	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	ccomp	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Petersen |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | past · progressive | Petersen |  |  | Pudmini's back |  | along *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Petersen *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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