---
title: One new elephant had nearly grubbed up his picket, and Big Toomai to… — The Jungle Book · tree and pragmatics
description: One new elephant had nearly grubbed up his picket, and Big Toomai took off Kala Nag’s leg chain and shackled that elephant fore-foot to hind-foot, but slipped a loop of grass string round Kala Nag’s leg, and told him to remember that he was tied fast. Who acts: Big Toomai. A sentence of «The Jungle 
---

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# The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 21

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One new elephant had nearly grubbed up his picket, and Big Toomai took off Kala Nag’s leg chain and shackled that elephant fore-foot to hind-foot, but slipped a loop of grass string round Kala Nag’s leg, and told him to remember that he was tied fast.

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**Who acts:** Big Toomai · **What happens:** grub up, take off, shackle, slip, tell, remember · **To what, where:** One new elephant, leg chain, loop, Toomai · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big Toomai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg236:17:21
# text = One new elephant had nearly grubbed up his picket, and Big Toomai took off Kala Nag’s leg chain and shackled that elephant fore-foot to hind-foot, but slipped a loop of grass string round Kala Nag’s leg, and told him to remember that he was tied fast.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	grubbed	grub	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	picket	picket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	Big	Big	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
15	off	off	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	Kala	Kala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	_
17	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’s	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
19	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	shackled	shackle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	fore	fore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	ccomp	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	hind	hind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	round	round	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
41	Kala	Kala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod:poss	_	_
42	Nag	Nag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	’s	's	PART	POS	_	41	case	_	_
44	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
48	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	iobj	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	xcomp	_	_
51	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	54	mark	_	_
52	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	nsubj:pass	_	_
53	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	aux:pass	_	_
54	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	ccomp	_	_
55	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	54	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grub up** | past · perfect · passive |  | One new elephant |  |  |  | nearly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take off** | past | Big Toomai | Kala's leg chain |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chain=Theme |
| 3 | **shackle** | past | Big Toomai *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to hind foot | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to foot=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **slip** | past |  | a loop of grass string |  |  |  | round Kala's leg | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent loop=Patient |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Big Toomai *not said here* |  | Toomai |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **remember** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Big Toomai *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 7 | **tie** | past · passive |  | Toomai |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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